Osama bin Laden attacked America primarily because of his opposition to U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East, his claim that the U.S. oppressed Muslims globally, and his resentment over the presence of American troops in Muslim lands, especially Saudi Arabia. He viewed the U.S. as an aggressor supporting Israel, backing oppressive regimes against Muslims, and imposing sanctions and military interventions detrimental to Muslim populations. Bin Laden framed the 9/11 attacks as retaliatory strikes against America's economic and military power to force the U.S. to change its policies toward Muslims worldwide. He also cited broader grievances including support for conflicts where Muslims were targeted, environmental destruction by the U.S., and what he considered America's immoral behavior. He declared a holy war against the U.S. and saw military actions against American targets as justified defense until these policies were reversed.