The burning sensation after urination is most commonly caused by inflammation or infection in the urinary tract, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI) or bladder infection. Other potential causes include infections of the urethra, vagina (such as yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis), or sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Sometimes, irritation from substances like spermicides, lubricants, or certain foods and drinks can also cause burning during or after urination. In more rare cases, conditions like painful bladder syndrome or prostatitis can cause this symptom. If the burning sensation is accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, back pain, nausea, discharge, or blood in the urine, it's important to see a healthcare provider promptly for evaluation and treatment. Treatment often involves antibiotics if an infection is present. In summary:

• Common cause: Urinary tract infection (bladder infection/cystitis).
• Other causes: Vaginal infections, STIs, irritation from chemicals, or other inflammatory conditions.
• Warning signs: Fever, pain, discharge, blood, or recurrent symptoms need medical attention.
• Treatment: Depends on cause, often antibiotics for bacterial infections.

This condition is medically known as dysuria and can affect anyone but is more common in women.