Eczema flare-ups are typically caused by a mix of irritants, allergens, environmental factors, skin dryness, and stress. Individual triggers can vary, but common ones include:

• Dry skin: Cracked, dehydrated skin is more prone to itching and inflammation.
• Irritants: Harsh soaps, detergents, fragrances, dyes, solvents, and certain fabrics (like wool or synthetic materials) can irritate the skin.
• Allergens: Dust mites, pollen, mold, pet dander, and certain metals (like nickel) can provoke reactions in sensitive people.
• Weather and environment: Cold, dry air or hot, humid, sweaty conditions can worsen symptoms; seasonal changes are a frequent trigger.
• Temperature and sweat: Excess heat and sweating can irritate the skin, leading to itching and flares.
• Stress: Emotional or physical stress can worsen eczema by affecting skin barrier function and inflammation.
• Infections: Skin infections (bacterial or viral) can precipitate flares or worsen existing symptoms.
• Certain fabrics and skincare products: Rough or itchy fabrics, and products with fragrances or preservatives, can trigger or worsen symptoms.
• Hormonal changes: Some people notice flares around hormonal shifts (e.g., menstrual cycle or pregnancy).

Tips to reduce flares:

• Moisturize regularly with an fragrance-free, emollient-rich moisturizer, especially after bathing.
• Use mild, fragrance-free cleansers; avoid products with irritants.
• Bathe in lukewarm water and limit time in the bath or shower; pat skin dry and apply moisturizer within a few minutes.
• Identify and minimize personal triggers (keep a symptom diary to correlate foods, products, or activities with flares).
• Wear soft, breathable fabrics (cotton; avoid wool and synthetics next to sensitive skin).
• Manage stress through relaxation practices, sleep, and regular exercise.
• If a flare occurs, consider appropriate over-the-counter treatments (non-prescription topical steroids are often used under guidance) and seek professional care for persistent, severe, or infected symptoms.

If this is about you or someone you know and symptoms are frequent or worsening, a clinician can help identify personal triggers and tailor a treatment plan, including prescription therapies if needed.