The Bible addresses alcohol in various ways, often distinguishing between moderate consumption and drunkenness. While it doesn't explicitly forbid drinking alcohol, it strongly condemns excessive drinking and its negative consequences.

Condemnation of Drunkenness

Numerous passages in the Bible warn against drunkenness, highlighting its destructive effects. For example, Ephesians 5:18 advises against getting drunk with wine, stating that it leads to debauchery, and instead encourages being filled with the Spirit. Proverbs 23:29-35 describes the woes associated with drunkenness, including sorrow, conflict, and blurred vision. Other verses, such as Hosea 4:11, suggest that intoxicating wine can diminish intelligence.

Permissibility of Moderate Drinking

The Bible also presents instances where drinking wine is acceptable or even recommended in moderation. Jesus, for example, turned water into wine at the wedding in Cana, suggesting that wine itself is not inherently sinful. Paul also advised Timothy to drink a little wine for his stomach ailments. The Bible suggests that while alcohol can be consumed, it should be done with self-control and moderation. Total abstinence was only required for specific groups, such as the Nazirites, under particular vows.

Warnings and Context

Despite the allowance for moderate drinking, the Bible emphasizes caution and responsibility. Romans 14:21 advises against consuming anything that might cause a fellow believer to stumble or be offended. This suggests that personal decisions about alcohol consumption should consider their impact on others. The Bible also details historical examples of leaders and people whose judgment was clouded or whose actions were sinful due to alcohol.