Reform Judaism, also known as Liberal Judaism or Progressive Judaism, is a Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of Judaism, the superiority of its ethical aspects to its ceremonial aspects, and a belief in a continuous revelation, closely intertwined with human reason and intellect. Reform Judaism affirms the central tenets of Judaism, including God, Torah, and Israel, while acknowledging the diversity of Reform Jewish beliefs and practices. It welcomes all who seek Jewish connection to pursue a life of meaning as inspired by the Divine and proclaimed in the truths grasped by Jewish teachers throughout time. Reform Jews believe that Judaism must change and adapt to the needs of the day to survive, and they see the Torah as a living, God-inspired document that enables them to confront the challenges of everyday life. They strive to make thoughtful choices about how they put their values into action and are committed to inclusion, not exclusion. Reform Judaism also emphasizes social action and social justice. The movement began in Germany in the early 19th century, with appeals from laymen for an updating of the Jewish liturgy and other rituals.