The fighting between Israel and Palestine stems primarily from a longstanding conflict over land, national identity, and political self-determination in the territory historically known as Palestine. The roots of the conflict date back to the late 19th century with the rise of Zionism, a movement seeking to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine, which led to tensions with the Arab population already living there. This escalated through the British mandate period after World War I, increased Jewish immigration, and culminated in wars and territorial disputes after the creation of the State of Israel in 1948. Currently, the conflict centers around issues such as Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, the status of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements, security concerns, Palestinian freedom of movement, and the Palestinian right of return. Palestinian groups such as Hamas resist what they see as Israeli oppression, occupation, and blockade, particularly in Gaza. Israel cites security threats and considers parts of the West Bank as integral to its state. The recent escalation includes deadly attacks by Hamas on Israel and severe Israeli military responses, including blockades causing humanitarian crises in Gaza. The conflict has deep historical, political, and religious dimensions, making it complex and protracted.

Summary of Key Conflict Causes

• Historical claims and competing nationalisms between Jews (Zionism) and Palestinian Arabs.
• Territorial disputes, especially over West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem.
• Israeli occupation and settlement expansion in Palestinian territories, deemed illegal by international courts.
• Palestinian resistance and demands for independent statehood and right of return.
• Security concerns and violence including attacks, military operations, and blockades.
• Religious significance of Jerusalem and holy sites, fueling tensions.

This explanation captures the essential reasons behind the ongoing Israel- Palestine fighting as of 2025.